Glucophage is an oral medication for type 2 diabetes containing Metformin, a biguanide. It lowers blood glucose by reducing liver glucose production, decreasing intestinal absorption, and improving tissue uptake. It helps stabilize weight but requires insulin to work. Unlike sulfonylureas, it doesn't cause hypoglycemia and improves blood fibrinolytic activity. It's prescribed for adults, including obese patients unresponsive to sulfonylureas.
Dosage
Take only as directed, usually with meals. The standard dose is 500 mg twice daily or 850 mg once daily, adjustable up to 2550 mg/day in divided doses based on blood glucose levels.
Precautions
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity. Diabetic ketoacidosis or coma. Kidney, liver, or heart failure. Respiratory failure. Recent heart attack. Dehydration, infections, major surgery, or trauma. Alcoholism. Low-calorie diets (<1000 kcal/day). History of lactic acidosis. Pregnancy or breastfeeding. Avoid use before surgery or imaging tests. Not recommended for patients over 60 or those doing heavy physical labor.
Side Effects
Common but severe: swelling, rapid weight gain, nausea, vomiting, bloating, diarrhea, loss of appetite.
Drug Interactions
Missed Dose
Take as soon as remembered, unless close to the next dose. Never double dose.
Overdose
Symptoms mimic hypoglycemia (hunger, confusion, sweating, tremors, rapid heartbeat). Seek medical help immediately.
Storage
Keep at 20-25°C (68-77°F), away from moisture, heat, and light. Do not store in bathrooms or reachable by children.
