Aldactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic and aldosterone antagonist used for:
- Hypertension (combined therapy)
- Edema in heart failure, cirrhosis, and nephrotic syndrome
- Management of fluid retention
Mechanism of Action
- Blocks aldosterone receptors in distal nephron
- Promotes sodium excretion
- Reduces potassium and magnesium loss
- Modest diuretic effect develops over 2-5 days
Dosage Guidelines
- Initial dose: 50-100 mg daily (1-2 divided doses)
- Maximum dose: 200 mg daily
- Take with meals (preferably at bedtime)
- Minimum treatment duration: 2 weeks
Important Precautions
- Monitor electrolytes (potassium/sodium) regularly
- Avoid potassium-rich foods/supplements
- Limit salt intake
- Maintain proper hydration
- Do not discontinue abruptly for hypertension
Contraindications
- Hyperkalemia
- Addison's disease
- Severe renal/hepatic impairment
- Concomitant potassium-sparing agents
- Pregnancy
Potential Side Effects
- Electrolyte imbalances
- Gastrointestinal disturbances
- Drowsiness/headache
- Menstrual irregularities
- Gynecomastia (dose-dependent)
Drug Interactions
- Increases digoxin toxicity risk
- Enhances effects of other potassium-elevating drugs
- NSAIDs may reduce effectiveness
Missed Dose Management
- Skip if close to next scheduled dose
- Never double dose
Overdose Symptoms
- Severe drowsiness
- Confusion
- Gastrointestinal distress
- Skin rash
Storage Conditions
- Room temperature (<25°C/77°F)
- Protect from moisture
Special Notes
- Therapeutic effects may take several weeks
- Regular blood tests recommended
- Report any muscle weakness or irregular heartbeat
Note: This medication requires careful medical supervision due to its impact on electrolyte balance.